Basic Act on Ocean Policy - "The World and Japan" Database

[Notes] Act No. 33 of April 27, 2007
This English translation of the Basic Act on Ocean Policy (Effective July 20, 2007) has been prepared in compliance with the Standard Bilingual Dictionary March 2007 edition. This is an unofficial translation. Only the original Japanese texts of laws and regulations have legal effect, and the translations are to be used solely as reference material to aid in the understanding of Japanese laws and regulations. The Government of Japan shall not be responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the legislative material provided in this Website, or for any con sequence resulting from use of the information in this Website. For all purposes of interpreting and applying law to any legal issue or dispute, users should consult the original Japanese texts published in the Official Gazette.

The purpose of this Act is, with regard to the oceans, to stipulate the basic principles, to clarify the responsibilities of the State, the local governments, business operators and the citizens as well as to formulate the basic plan with regard to the oceans and other basic matters with regard to the measures on the oceans, by establishing the Headquarters for Ocean Policy in order to promote measures with regard to the oceans comprehensively and systematically, through contributing to the sound development of the economy and society of our State and to imp rove the stability of the lives of citizenry as well as to contribute to the coexistence of the oceans and mankind, in consideration of the fact that the oceans, occupying broad portion of the globe, are indispensable factors for maintaining the lives of the living beings including mankind, and the fact that it is important to realize a new oceanic State in harmonization of the peaceful and positive development and use of the oceans with the conservation of the marine environment, under the international cooperation, as our State surrounded by the oceans, based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other international agreements as well as on the international efforts on the realization of the sustainable development and use of the oceans.

Article 2 (Harmonization of the Development and Use of the Oceans with the Conservation of Marine Environment)

With regard to the oceans, in consideration of the fact that the development and use of

the oceans are the basis of existence for the economy and society of our State, and that securing the marine biological diversity an d conserving other better marine environment are the basis of the existence of mankind and also indispensable for prosperous and affluent lives of the citizenry, the positive development and use of the oceans shall be executed, aiming at allowing for the sustain able development and use of the oceans with conservation of marine environment in order to enjoy the benefit of the oceans in the future.

With regard to the oceans, in consideration of the fact that securing the safety and security on the oceans is important for our State surrounded by the oceans, efforts to secure the safety and security of the oceans shall be positively promoted.

In consideration of the fact that scientific knowledge of the oceans is indispensable for the proper development and use of the oceans and conservation of the marine environment, while many scientifically unsolved fields remain with regard to the oceans, the scientific knowledge of the oceans shall be improved.

With regard to the industries bearing the development, use and conservation of the oceans (hereinafter referred to as "Ocean Industries"), in consideration of the fact that they are the basis for the sound development of the economy and society of our State and of stabilization and improvement of the lives of the citizenry, their sound development shall be promoted.

Governance of the oceans shall be executed comprehensively and integrally with respect to the development, use and conservation of the oceans, in consideration of the fact that the matters with regard to ocean resources, marine environment, maritime traffic and the safety and security of the oceans interrelate closely with each other, and such matters shall be examined as a whole.

In consideration of the fact that the oceans are the common heritages of mankind, and that the economy and society of our State have been con ducted in close international interdependent relationship, promotion of measures with regard to the oceans shall be executed under the international partnership, aiming at bearing the leading role for the formation and development of the international order.

The State shall be responsible for comprehensively and systematically formulating and implementing measures with regard to the oceans, in conformity with the basic principle prescribed in Article 2 to the preceding article inclusive (hereinafter refer to as "basic principle").

Based on an appropriate sharing role with the State, the Local Governments shall be responsible for formulating and implementing the measures that suit the natural and social conditions of their districts with regard to the oceans, in conformity with the basic principle.

The business operators of Ocean Industries shall endeavor to con duct their business, pursuant to the basic principles, and to cooperate with the State and the Local Governments in implementing measures with regard to the oceans.

Citizens, in recognition of the benefit of the oceans, shall endeavor to cooperate with the State and the Local Governments in implementing measures with regard to the oceans.

The State, the Local Governments, business operators of Ocean Industries and other relevant parties, including organizations executing activities with regard to the oceans, shall endeavor to cooperate in mutual communication, in order to realize the basic principles.

The State and the local governments shall endeavor, on the Ocean Day as stipulated in Article 2 of the National Holidays Act (Act No. 178 of 1948), to hold the events that enable the citizens to have better understanding and deeper interests of the oceans.

The Government shall take necessary legislative, fiscal or financial measures, and other measures in order to implement measures with regard to the oceans.

The Government shall prepare documents on the situation of the oceans and the implemented measures by the Government with regard to the oceans, and shall publicize them in an appropriate way as needed.

(1) The Government shall formulate a basic plan with regard to the oceans (hereinafter referred to as "Basic Plan on Ocean Policy"), in order to promote measures with regard to the oceans comprehensively and systematically.

(ii) The measures that the Government shall implement with regard to the oceans comprehensively and systematically

(iii) In addition to what are listed in the preceding two items, any items necessary for promoting measures with regard to the oceans comprehensively and systematically

(3) The Prime Minister shall seek a cabinet decision on the draft of the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy.

(4) When the cabinet decision prescribed in the preceding paragraph has been made, Prime Minister shall publicize the Ba sic Plan on Ocean Policy without delay.

(5) Bearing in mind the changes on the situation with regard to the oceans, as well as based on an evaluation of the effect of measures with regard to the oceans, the Government shall review the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy almost every five years, and shall make necessary changes.

(6) The provisions of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 shall apply mutates mutandis to make changes to the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy.

(7) The Government shall endeavor to take necessary measures for the smooth implementation of the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy by, for example, appropriating its budget each fiscal year, to the extent permitted by the State s'finances, in order to secure funds necessary to ensure payment of the expenses required for the implementation of the plan.

The State shall take necessary measures on conservation and management of living aquatic resources, conservation and improvement of the growing environment for aquatic plants and animals, increase of the fishing ground productivity, promotion of the development and use of petroleum, inflammable natural gas, other mineral resource including manganese ores, cobalt ores existing on and under the sea floor, establishment of the system for the above mentioned missions and execution of others, in order to promote the positive development and use of t he oceans, considering conservation of the marine environment and to allow for the sustainable development and use of the ocean resources in the future.

including securing the biodiversity in the oceans with conservation and improvement of the habitat, reduction of the pollution lo ad caused by water flow into the oceans, prevention of the discharge of waste materials to the oceans, prompt prevention of the oil spill caused by accidents of the vessels and others, conservation of the seascape and others, in consideration of the fact that the oceans make a great impact on the conservation of the global environment such as the prevention of global warming and others.

(2) The State, from the view points of preventing adverse effect on the marine environment, based on the scientific knowledge, shall execute the measures prescribed in the preceding paragraph and make efforts to review them properly.

The State, in consideration of the fact that it is important to strengthen the efforts with regard to the development, use and conservation and others of the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas (the term "the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas" shall means the Exclusive Economic Zone de fined by Article 1, paragraph 1 of the Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf (Law No.74 of 1996) and Continental Shelf defined by Article 2 of the Law. The same shall apply hereinafter)(hereinafter referred to as "Development and others of the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas") shall take necessary measures in order to promote the Development and others of the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas including the Development and others of the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas according to the characteristics of its sea areas, prevention of the infringement on the sovereign rights of our State in the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas and execution of others.

The State shall take necessary measures to secure the efficient and stable maritime transport, including securing of Japanese vessels, raising and securing seafarers, developing hub ports in the international maritime transport network and executing others.

(1) The State, in consideration of the fact that, for the economy and society of our State, surrounded by the oceans and dependent on import for major portion of the resources, it is essential to secure the development and use of the marine resources, the safety of the maritime transport and others as well as to maintain the order in the oceans, with regard to the oceans, shall take necessary measures to secure the peace and safety of our State as well as to secure the maritime safety and public order.

(2) The State shall take necessary measures with regard to the prevention of natural disaster, prevention of damage expansion in case of occurrence of natural disaster and recovery from disaster (hereinafter referred to as "Disaster Prevention"), in order to protect national land as well as life, body and property of the citizens from disasters such as tsunamis, storm surges and others.

(1) The State, in order to formulate and implement the measures with regard to the oceans properly, shall make efforts to execute the necessary survey including the grasp of the ocean situation, the prediction of the change of marine environment and other survey to formulate and implement the measures with regard to the oceans (hereinafter referred to as "Ocean survey"), as well as to establish systems for monitoring, observing, measuring and other activities necessary to the Ocean survey.

(2) The State shall make efforts to provide the information obtained by Ocean survey, in order to contribute to the formulation and implementation of measures by the Local Governments with regard to the oceans as well as to contribute to the activities by the business operators and others.

Article 23 (Promotion of Research and Development of Ocean Science and Technology, etc.)

The State, in order to promote the research and development and to disseminate the result with regard to the science and technology of the oceans (hereinafter referred to as "Oceans science and Technology), shall take necessary measures including establishing the research systems, promoting research an d development, nurturing researchers and technicians, strengthening coordination among such research institutions as the State, Incorporated Administrative Agency (referring to the Incorporated Administrative Agency set forth in the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No.103 of 1999), Article 2, paragraph 1; the same shall apply hereinafter), the prefecture, and Local Incorporated Administrative Agency (referring to the Local Incorporated Administrative Agency set forth in the Act on Local Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No.118 of 2003), Article 2, paragraph 1; the same shall apply hereinafter), universities and private bodies, and executing others.

Article 24 (Promotion of Ocean Industries and Strengthening the International Competitiveness)

The State, in order to promote the Ocean Industries and to strengthen the international competitiveness, shall take necessary measures with regard to the Ocean Industries, to promote the cutting-edge research and development, to upgrade the level of technology, to nurture and secure the human resources and to reinforce the management basis with the improvement of competitive conditions and others as well as to exploit new businesses and to execute others.

(1) The State shall take necessary measures for the coastal sea areas and land areas, where recognized suitable for the measures to be implemented in a unified manner upon the natural and social conditions, to be managed properly, by the regulatory and other measures to the activities implemented in the integrated manner, in consideration of the fact that there are difficulties in keeping on enjoying the benefit brought by the resources, natural environment and others of the coastal sea areas in the future only by implementing the measures with respect to the coastal sea areas when issues in the coastal sea areas are originated by the activities on land.

(2) The State shall give enough consideration, when executing the measures prescribed in the preceding paragraph, to securing the protection of the seacoasts from hazards caused by tsunamis, storm surges, high waves and other movement of seawater or ground deformation, and to securing improvement and conservation of the coastal environment as well as to promoting proper use of the seacoasts by the public, in consideration of such fact that seacoasts have severe natural condition with characteristic landscape, while supporting and raising a great variety of life.

The State, with regard to the remote islands, shall take necessary measures including con serving the seacoasts and others, securing the safety of navigation as well as establishing the facilities for the development and use of ocean resources, con serving natural environment in adjacent sea areas, maintaining infrastructure for the life of inhabitant and executing others, in consideration of such fact that the remote islands bear an important role in conserving our territorial sea and the Exclusive Economic Zone and other areas, and in securing the safety of navigation in the development and use of ocean resources as well as in conservation of the marine environment.

Article 27 (Securing International coordination and Promotion of International Cooperation)

(1) The State shall take necessary measures to secure the international coordination with regard to the oceans including subjective involvement in the formation of international agreements and others with regard to the oceans as well as execution of others.

(2) The State shall take necessary measures, with regard to the oceans, to promote the international corporation related to ocean resources, marine environment, Ocean survey, Ocean science and Technology, crime control at sea, Disaster Prevention, maritime rescue and others, in order to accomplish the role positively in the international society.

(1) The State shall take necessary measures, in order that citizens shall have a better understanding of and deeper interests in the oceans, to promote school education and social education with regard to the oceans, propagation and enlightenment of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other international agreements as well as international efforts to realize the sustainable development and use of the oceans, and popularization of ocean recreation.

(2) The State shall take necessary measures to promote interdisciplinary education and research at universities and others, i n order to nurture human resources with knowledge and capability required to meet the political issues appropriately with regard to the oceans.

In order to promote measures with regard to the oceans intensively and comprehensively, Headquarters for Ocean Policy (hereinafter referred to as "the Headquarters") shall be established in the Cabinet.

(i) Matters with regard to drafting and to the promotion of execution of Basic Plan on Ocean Policy.

(ii) Matters with regard to synthesis coordination of measures of implementation by relevant administrative bodies based on Basic Plan on Ocean Policy.

(iii) In addition to the tasks referred to in the preceding two Paragraphs, matters with regard to planning and drafting of important measures with regard to the oceans as well as synthesis coordination.

The Headquarters shall consist of the Director-General of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy, the Vice Director-Generals of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy, and Members of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy.

(1) The Headquarters shall be headed by the Director-General of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy (hereinafter referred to as "Director-General"), the post which shall be served as Prime Minister.

(2) The Director-General shall be in charge of general coordination of the Affairs of the Headquarters, and shall direct and supervise the relevant officials.

(1) The Vice Director-General of the Headquarters for Ocean Policy (hereinafter referred to as "Vice Director-General") shall be assigned in the Headquarters, and The Chief Cabinet Secretary and the Minister for Ocean Policy (the Minister of the State, in charge of assistance to the Prime Minister, with regard to intensive and comprehensive promotion of measures with regard to the oceans upon the direction of the Prime Minister) shall serve as the Vice Director-General.

(1) Members of the Headquarters for Ocean Pol icy (hereinafter refer red to as "Members") shall be assigned in the Headquarters.

(2) The Members shall be assigned with all Ministers of the State other than the Director-General and V ice Director-General.

(1) The Headquarters may, if it considers it necessary for implementing Affairs under the jurisdiction, demand submission of materials , statements of opinions, explanations and other required cooperation from the heads of the relevant administrative organs, Local Governments, Incorporated Administrative Agencies and Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies and the representatives of statutory juridical persons (Corporations which are directly established by Acts or juridical persons which are established according to their statute of establishment provided by special Act, under provision of Paragraph 15 of Article 4 of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Act No. 91 of 1999)).

(2) The Headquarters may also demand required cooperation from parties other than those prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if it considers it especially necessary for implementing Affairs under the jurisdiction.

Affairs concerning the Headquarters shall be processed within the Cabinet Secretariat and administered by the Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary under commission.

The competent Minister as set forth in the Cabinet Act (Act No. 5 of 1947) for the matters pertaining to the Headquarters shall be the Prime Minister.

In addition to what is provided for in this Act, necessary matters concerning the Headquarters shall be prescribed by a Cabinet Order.

(1) This Act shall come into effect as from the date specified by a Cabinet Order within a period not exceeding three months from the day of promulgation.

(2) With regard to the Headquarters, comprehensive review shall be executed in five years after entering into force of this Act, and necessary measures shall be taken based on the results of the review.